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Distance learning constraints in Indonesia: is it unequal?
The inequality of distance learning in Indonesia

VARMA, Ruchir 
DOI: http://doi.org/10.34614/2022IYRC61
Category: Social Science
Abstract – In this paper, I studied the characteristics of households and children that significantly affect constraints of distance learning such as device access, internet limitation, and no access to the internet. The data collected was from a World Bank survey and focused primarily on the effect of COVID-19 on the lives of Indonesian citizens. And I found that breadwinners' income, location of households (urban/rural), household head age, and education were significantly related to the constraints. This result shows that there is inequality in distance learning and that distance learning constraints may not be equal for all households. 
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